Background and Objectives: Dye is considered as one of the most important environmental pollutants in industrial wastewater due to its harmful effects on both human and environment. This study was aimed to determine Optimum Dioxide TITANIUM Nanoparticles in Dioxide TITANIUM /Bentonite COMPOSITE for Sono-photocatalytic de-colorization of Methyl Orange dye. Methods: In this study, bentonite was used as the substrate to stabilize TITANIUM dioxide photo-catalyst and the optimum amount of stabilized TITANIUM dioxide nanoparticles in TITANIUM dioxide/ bentonite COMPOSITE which was evaluated for sono-photocatalytic removal of methyl orange dye. Accordingly, the optimal conditions for the photocatalytic process performance in dye removal included the effect of pH, methyl orange concentrations and nanoCOMPOSITE doses. Findings: Structural properties of bentonite/TITANIUM Dioxide COMPOSITEs and pure TITANIUM dioxide nanoparticles were investigated using scanning electron microscope (SEM), Diffuse Reflectance Spectroscopy (DRS) and X-ray diffraction (XRD). Finally, the possibility of reuse of photo-catalyst was investigated in three periods. Based on SEM results, reducing the amount of TITANIUM dioxide reduced the number of nanoparticles formed on the bentonite surface. XRD and DRS analyses showed successful COMPOSITE formation. The optimum amount of TITANIUM dioxide nanoparticles in TITANIUM dioxide/bentonite COMPOSITE was obtained for sono-photocatalytic dye removal of methyl orange with the TITANIUM dioxide powder to bentonite ratio of 1: 2. 5 in the primary mixture. Discussion and Conclusion: The study showed that increasing the amount of photo-catalyst in the reaction medium increased the speed and efficiency of the dye removal but its excessive increase had a negative effect on the reaction. The best conditions for dye degradation were obtained using TITANIUM dioxide/bentonite nanoCOMPOSITE at pH 4. According to the results, the increase in concentration increased dye removal time. Finally, the sono-photocatalytic COMPOSITE efficiency was acceptable after three times of reuse.

Reactive sintering is a kind of combustion synthesis processes for synthesize of new materials. In this research, the mentioned process was used for production of TITANIUM aluminide/alumina COMPOSITE from starting materials of TITANIUM dioxide and aluminum. According to the obtained results, COMPOSITE particles including TiO2/Al with a size around 100 nm can be produced. Densification of produced powders via cold isostatic pressing machine following by reaction sintering lead to produce a COMPOSITE body consisting TITANIUM aluminids and alumina.

Background and Objectives: Dye is considered as one of the most important environmental pollutants in industrial wastewater due to its harmful effects on both human and environment. This study was aimed to determine Optimum Dioxide TITANIUM Nanoparticles in Dioxide TITANIUM /Bentonite COMPOSITE for sono photo catalytic de-colorization of Methyl Orange dye. Methods: In this study, bentonite was used as the substrate to stabilize TITANIUM dioxide photo catalyst and the optimum amount of stabilized TITANIUM dioxide nanoparticles in TITANIUM dioxide/ bentonite COMPOSITE was evaluated for sono photo catalytic removal of methyl orange dye. Accordingly, the optimal conditions for the photo catalytic process performance in dye removal included the effect of pH, methyl orange concentrations and nanoCOMPOSITE doses. Findings: Structural properties of bentonite/TITANIUM dioxide COMPOSITEs and pure TITANIUM dioxide nanoparticles were investigated using scanning electron microscope (SEM), Diffuse Reflectance Spectroscopy (DRS) and Xray diffraction (XRD). Finally, the possibility of reuse of photo catalyst was investigated in three periods. Based on SEM results, reducing the amount of TITANIUM dioxide reduced the number of nanoparticles formed on the bentonite surface. XRD and DRS analyses showed successful COMPOSITE formation. The optimum amount of TITANIUM dioxide nanoparticles in TITANIUM dioxide/bentonite COMPOSITE was obtained for sono photo catalytic dye removal of methyl orange with the TITANIUM dioxide powder to bentonite ratio of 1: 2. 5 in the primary mixture. Discussion and Conclusion: The study showed that increasing the amount of photo catalyst in the reaction medium increased the speed and efficiency of the dye removal but its excessive increase had a negative effect on the reaction. The best conditions for dye degradation were obtained using TITANIUM dioxide/bentonite nanoCOMPOSITE at pH 4. According to the results, the increase in concentration increased dye removal time. Finally, the sono photo catalytic COMPOSITE efficiency was acceptable after three times of reuse.

Building the Nano COMPOSITEs for getting material with combinational properties and improving properties of currently used material has been taken significant attention. One of the ways of building Nano COMPOSITEs is using a method known as powder metallurgy. Because with this method not only wastes are decreased to minimum but we can also mix the materials with high melting point with the materials with low melting point which is a difficult thing to do with foundry method. In this research TITANIUM alloy for improvement in its mechanical properties is mixed with silicon carbide reinforcing. Knowing the fact that silicon carbide is in Nano scale these two materials start building Nano COMPOSITEs. The powder metallurgy method is the best way for mixing these two materials together. To make sure that the properties of the made alloy is similar to the foundry alloy, the static compression methods are used. For comparison the results, two factors such as the Nano silicon carbide percentage and the static compression pressure are. Also, Density experiment, observation of grain boundaries using a scanning electron microscope, pressure test and the hardness experiment was done on it.

Background and Objective: Formaldehyde is a toxic volatile organic compound, which its removal from polluted air is essential. One of the techniques available for removing such compounds is photo catalytic degradation. The aim of this study was to investigate the photo catalytic degradation of gaseous formaldehyde on TiO2 nanoparticles coated on reduced graphene oxide.Materials and Methods: The synthesized reduced graphene oxide- TiO2 nano COMPOSITE was characterized using SEM, EDS, and FTIR spectra. The photo catalytic activity of prepared reduced graphene oxide- TiO2 nano COMPOSITE was investigated for degradation of gaseous toluene under different operational conditions such as different initial concentration, flow rate, and time.Results: The photo catalytic degradation efficiency of the RGO-TiO2 nano COMPOSITE was much higher than P25 TiO2. The photo catalytic degradation efficiency of the RGO-TiO2 nano COMPOSITE decreased by increasing the flow rate so the flow rate is a key factor for the use of RGO-TiO2 nano COMPOSITE as a photo catalyst. The results showed that the photo catalytic degradation rates decreased from 89 to 30% with increasing formaldehyde initial concentration from 0.1 to 1 ppm.Conclusion: This research indicated that RGO-TiO2 nano COMPOSITE can be effectively used as suitable photo catalyst to remove gaseous pollutants. One of the advantages of the as-prepared COMPOSITE was using visible light instead of UV to activate the oxidation process.

Nano-particles used in metal matrix COMPOSITEs show a various range of mechanical, chemical and physical features, causing significant improvements in mechanical strength, hardness and thermal characteristics. They can also change the capability of machining. Electrical discharge machining is considered as an integrate part of hard metal machining. In this paper, the parameters of electrical discharge machining for aluminum COMPOSITE material improved by Nano-particles of TITANIUM dioxide have been studied. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the impacts of electrical current and voltage and pulse on and off-time on the material removal rate, tool wear rate and surface roughness. Kerosene as a dielectric and copper electrode were used to carry out the experiment. In addition, Analysis of variance was utilized to authenticate the experimental results. The result shows that Nano-particles TITANIUM dioxide has trivial effects on machining parameters due to being insulators. They also do not melt in the process of electrical discharge machining. Moreover, the electrical current and the pulse on time have the most influence on the material removal rate, tool wear rate and surface roughness. By increasing the electrical current and pulse on time, tool wear rate and surface roughness have grown, while by increasing the pulse off time tool wear rate has decreased. The average wear rate of the electrode in the aluminum alloy 2024 reinforced with 5% TITANIUM oxide nanoparticles is 46. 3%, equivalent to 0. 346 gr, more than the weight loss of the aluminum 2024 specimen.

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: The congenital anomaly of nose is the one of causes of cosmetic of face and repair of this defect is very difficult. In this article, it was reported a case of congenital hypo plastic nasal alar with failure in operation two times. CASE: A 19 year old female referred with hypo plastic nasal alar who had been already operated two times with a failure in repairing this defect. A COMPOSITE graft from ear with suitable size was inserted in the defect area of nose and it was improved. CONCLUSION: For repairing this anatomical defect and decreasing failure, this new surgical method is suggested.

Plasma sprayed hydroxyapatite (HA) coating on TITANIUM alloy substrate have been used extensively due to their excellent biocompatibility and osteoconductivity. However, the erratic bond strength between HA and Ti alloy has raised concern over the long-term reliability of the implants. In this study HA-Ti COMPOSITE powder with 50 wt% Ti prepared by mechanical alloying and it was deposited on to Ti alloy by means of atmospheric plasma spraying. Also the influence of spraying current on the characteristics of the COMPOSITE coatings was investigated. Structural characterization techniques including XRD and SEM were utilized to investigate the microstructure, morphology and phase composition of the coatings. Also microhardness of the COMPOSITE coatings was studied. The investigation showed that the COMPOSITE coating sprayed at a current of 600 A and a stand-off distance of 10 cm possessed the most value of microhardness and bond strength. Also it possessed the highest quality in terms of amount of porosity and the surface morphology.